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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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[Arthroscopy of the wrist].

Philip N d'Ailly1,2, Niels W L Schep1, J Henk H Coert3

  • 1Maasstad Ziekenhuis, afd. Chirurgie, Rotterdam.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|February 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Wrist arthroscopy is a minimally-invasive procedure offering high diagnostic accuracy for wrist conditions. It allows simultaneous treatment and shows promising outcomes compared to open surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand and Wrist Surgery

Background:

  • Arthroscopy of the wrist is increasingly utilized by hand and wrist surgeons.
  • It is a minimally-invasive procedure often performed in day care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of wrist arthroscopy.
  • To compare wrist arthroscopy with conventional imaging and open surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on wrist arthroscopy.
  • Analysis of diagnostic accuracy compared to CT and MRI.
  • Assessment of therapeutic interventions including ligament repair, fracture reduction, cyst removal, and synovectomy.

Main Results:

  • Wrist arthroscopy demonstrates higher diagnostic accuracy than CT or MRI.

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  • It enables simultaneous therapeutic interventions for various wrist pathologies.
  • Studies suggest better functional outcomes and fewer complications than open surgery.

    • Conclusions:

    • Wrist arthroscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating wrist pathologies.
    • Further prospective studies are required to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety for all indications.
    • It represents a significant advancement in the surgical management of wrist conditions.