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Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields.

Charles J Underwood¹, Raphael Mercier¹

¹Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; email: cunderwood@mpipz.mpg.de, mercier@mpipz.mpg.de.

Annual Review of Plant Biology

|February 9, 2022

Summary

Apomixis enables clonal seeds, identical to the mother plant. Engineering synthetic apomixis could revolutionize plant breeding by enabling hybrid vigor in crops through seed propagation.

Keywords:

apomixis autonomous endosperm clonal seeds hybrid vigor meiosis parthenogenesis

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Area of Science:

Plant reproductive biology
Agricultural biotechnology
Genetics and breeding

Background:

Apomixis, producing clonal seeds, occurs naturally in many plant species but is absent in major crops.
It offers potential for plant breeding by enabling rapid fixation and propagation of desired genotypes, including F1 hybrids.
Harnessing apomixis could reduce hybrid seed costs and enable hybrid vigor utilization in crops not currently bred as hybrids.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge and recent advancements in developing apomixis for agricultural applications.
To highlight the potential of apomixis in revolutionizing plant breeding and crop improvement.
To discuss the engineering of synthetic apomixis through modifications in meiosis and fertilization.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature on apomixis.
Analysis of recent breakthroughs in engineering apomictic systems.
Synthesis of knowledge on combining meiotic and fertilization modifications for synthetic apomixis.

Main Results:

Apomixis allows for the creation of genetically identical offspring via seeds.
Significant progress has been made in engineering synthetic apomixis systems.
The review consolidates current understanding and achievements in the field.

Conclusions:

Apomixis holds transformative potential for agriculture, particularly in crop breeding.
Engineering synthetic apomixis is a viable strategy for its implementation in agriculture.
Further development of efficient apomictic systems is crucial for agricultural advancement.