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Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries

Ndubuisi O Onyemaechi1, Adaobi I Bisi-Onyemaechi2, Obinna C Nduagubam3

  • 1Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria.

Malawi Medical Journal : the Journal of Medical Association of Malawi
|February 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Paediatric injuries in Enugu, Nigeria, are primarily caused by road traffic crashes and falls, affecting males more than females. Most children recover fully, but a 5.8% mortality rate highlights the need for targeted prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Paediatric injuries pose significant physical, psychological, and socioeconomic burdens.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and patterns of these injuries is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiology and injury patterns of paediatric patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Enugu, South-East Nigeria.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study was conducted on paediatric patients (<18 years) presenting to the Accident and Emergency department.
  • Data were collected for the period of January 1st to December 31st, 2015.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0.

Main Results:

  • 120 injured paediatric patients (10.1% of total) were identified, with 170 injuries.
  • Road traffic crashes and falls were the leading causes, significantly correlated with age.
  • Adolescents (12-17 years) and males were predominantly affected; common injuries included bruises, lacerations, abrasions, and fractures.
  • Injuries occurred most frequently roadside/street (35%), school (23.3%), and home (21.7%).
  • The mortality rate was 5.8%, with 67.5% of children achieving full recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Road traffic crashes and falls are the primary causes of paediatric injuries in this region.
  • Soft tissue trauma and fractures are the most common injury types, occurring frequently in roadside, school, and home environments.
  • Preventive measures targeting common causes and locations, alongside prompt treatment and rehabilitation, are essential to mitigate the impact of childhood injuries.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenEpidemiologyInjuriesPatternPrevention

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