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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Cancer immunomodulation using bispecific aptamers.

Brian J Thomas1,2, David Porciani1,2, Donald H Burke1,2

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|February 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bispecific aptamers (bsApts) show promise for cancer immunotherapy by activating T cells to destroy tumors. These novel reagents offer potent, specific immune modulation with fewer side effects, advancing cancer treatment options.

Keywords:
antibodybispecificclinical translationimmunomodulationmolecular designoligonucleotide therapyoncolytic

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer's evasion of immune destruction is a key challenge.
  • Current immunomodulating therapies have significant side effects, necessitating more precise treatments.
  • Aptamers, particularly bispecific aptamers (bsApts), offer high specificity and affinity for targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in bispecific aptamers (bsApts) for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To highlight the potential of bsApts in reprogramming the immune system against cancer.
  • To identify gaps in bsApt biology for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of pre-clinical findings on bsApts in various in vitro and in vivo models.
  • Analysis of bsApt-induced artificial immune synapses and T cell activation.
  • Review of cellular and tissue-level bsApt biology.

Main Results:

  • Bispecific aptamers (bsApts) have demonstrated the ability to induce artificial immune synapses.
  • bsApts promote T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis in pre-clinical models.
  • bsApts exhibit broad applicability, low production costs, and minimal immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Bispecific aptamers (bsApts) represent a promising immunomodulating strategy for cancer therapy.
  • Further research into bsApt biology at cellular and tissue levels is crucial for clinical advancement.
  • bsApts have the potential to offer a potent, efficacious, and safe immunotherapeutic option with a wide therapeutic index.