Low-Density Granulocytes in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a neutrophil subset implicated in immune-mediated diseases.
• LDGs exhibit proinflammatory characteristics, including enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cytokine production.
• Increased LDGs correlate with disease severity in various inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of LDGs in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
• To elucidate the composition, origin, and pathogenic properties of LDGs.
• To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting LDGs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on LDGs in immune-mediated diseases.
• Analysis of transcriptomic data to differentiate LDGs subsets.
• Synthesis of information on LDGs' proinflammatory functions.

Main Results:

• LDGs comprise a heterogeneous population of immature and mature subsets with distinct pathogenic features.
• These subsets contribute to disease pathogenesis through mechanisms like endothelial toxicity.
• Advanced transcriptomic technologies have aided in characterizing LDGs heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

• Understanding LDGs heterogeneity is crucial for comprehending their role in disease.
• Targeting LDGs presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.