Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing
Published on: April 25, 2019
fs laser-induced filament study of aliphatic nitroalkanes: correlation between molecular structure and spectroscopic
1The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. jcshi@pims.ac.cn.
Abstract:
Three aliphatic nitroalkanes, nitromethane, nitroethane, and 1-nitropropane, are investigated with fs laser-induced filament and breakdown spectroscopy (LIFBS). Filament emission spectra, C I, the CN violet system (B2Σ+ - X2Σ+, Δν = 0 sequence), and the C2 swan system (d3Πg - a3Πu, Δν = 0 sequence), are obtained. The time integrated intensities of CN and C2 can be used for identifying the three nitroalkanes. The filament features (length, diameter, and temperature) of the CN and C2 emissions are analyzed; C2 converts to CN through a single-atom substitution reaction between C2 and N atoms at the early stage, which mainly occurs at the head and tail parts of the filament with a lower temperature rather than at the hotter middle part.
Related Concept Videos
IR Frequency Region: Alkyne and Nitrile Stretching
Comparing the stretching vibrational frequency of C≡C triple bonds with that of double and single bonds, it is evident that C≡C triple bonds exhibit a higher stretching frequency than C=C double and C–C single bonds. Similarly, the C≡N triple bond...
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones
Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

