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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Infant weight growth patterns, childhood BMI, and arterial health at age 10 years

Giulietta S Monasso1,2, Carolina C V Silva1,2, Susana Santos1,2

  • 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|February 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Infant weight gain patterns and childhood BMI impact arterial health in school-aged children. Higher infant weight velocity and BMI at adiposity peak are linked to poorer carotid artery health, with current BMI being critical for distensibility.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric cardiovascular health
  • Developmental origins of health and disease

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing concern with potential long-term cardiovascular implications.
  • Early life factors may influence the development of arterial health.
  • Understanding critical periods for body mass index (BMI) is crucial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine critical periods of BMI in relation to arterial health at school age.
  • To investigate associations between infant weight growth patterns and childhood BMI with carotid artery intima-media thickness and distensibility.
  • To determine the role of current BMI in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 4,731 children.
  • Analysis of infant peak weight velocity, age and BMI at adiposity peak, and BMI trajectories.
  • Assessment of carotid artery intima-media thickness and carotid artery distensibility at 10 years of age.

Main Results:

  • Higher infant peak weight velocity and BMI at adiposity peak were associated with increased intima-media thickness and decreased carotid artery distensibility at age 10.
  • Current BMI explained the associations with carotid artery distensibility.
  • Children with persistently high BMI had the lowest distensibility.

Conclusions:

  • Infant weight growth patterns and childhood BMI are linked to subtle alterations in carotid artery structure and function in school-aged children.
  • Current BMI is a critical factor for carotid artery distensibility.
  • Further follow-up is necessary to ascertain if these early arterial changes predict adult cardiovascular disease.
Abstract

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