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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

504
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
504
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
496
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
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Predictive language processing in young autistic children.

Kathryn E Prescott1,2, Janine Mathée-Scott1,2, Tracy Reuter2

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|February 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young autistic children, like their neurotypical peers, demonstrate predictive language processing abilities. Stronger language skills in both groups correlated with faster prediction of upcoming words.

Keywords:
anticipatory language processingautism spectrum disorderlanguage developmentpredictionreceptive language

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is theorized to involve domain-general prediction deficits.
  • Previous research on predictive processing in autism has focused on older children with average language abilities.
  • Understanding predictive language processing in young autistic children is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate predictive language processing in 3- to 4-year-old autistic children using an eye-gaze task.
  • To compare the predictive abilities of autistic children with language-matched neurotypical (NT) children.
  • To explore the relationship between receptive language skills and predictive processing in both groups.

Main Methods:

  • An eye-gaze task was employed with 3- to 4-year-old autistic children and 1.5- to 3-year-old language-matched NT children.
  • Participants viewed images while listening to sentences with informative or neutral verbs.
  • Looking behaviors towards target nouns were analyzed to assess predictive processing.

Main Results:

  • Young autistic children, similar to their NT peers, showed evidence of predictive language processing.
  • The NT group exhibited a larger difference in target noun looks between informative and neutral verb conditions compared to the ASD group.
  • Receptive language proficiency predicted more efficient use of predictive cues across both diagnostic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Young autistic children possess the capacity for predictive language processing.
  • While predictive abilities are present, differences in the magnitude of this effect were observed between autistic and NT children.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the developmental trajectory of predictive processing in autism relative to neurotypical development.