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Related Experiment Videos

Genes coding for the elongation factor EF-1 alpha in Artemia.

J A Lenstra, A Van Vliet, A C Arnberg

    European Journal of Biochemistry
    |March 17, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers analyzed the elongation factor EF-1 alpha genes in brine shrimp Artemia, finding few gene copies and identifying exon-intron structures. This study offers insights into eukaryotic gene organization and evolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Elongation factor EF-1 alpha is a highly abundant protein in eukaryotic cells, crucial for protein synthesis by facilitating aminoacyl-tRNA binding to ribosomes.
    • Understanding the gene structure and organization of EF-1 alpha provides insights into fundamental cellular processes and evolutionary relationships.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the gene structure, copy number, and variants of the elongation factor EF-1 alpha in the brine shrimp Artemia.
    • To investigate evolutionary conservation by comparing Artemia EF-1 alpha genes with those from yeast and Drosophila.
    • To analyze the nucleotide sequence for regulatory signals and exon-intron boundaries, and compare with homologous prokaryotic and chloroplast genes.

    Main Methods:

    • Gene cloning and characterization of Artemia EF-1 alpha genes.

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  • Electron microscopy and chromosomal blot hybridization to determine gene copy number and organization.
  • Cross-hybridization experiments using Artemia cDNA probes with yeast and Drosophila DNA.
  • Nucleotide sequencing to identify regulatory signals, exon-intron structure, and homologous regions.

    • Main Results:

    • Artemia possesses a low copy number (approximately four) of a single type of EF-1 alpha gene per haploid genome.
    • The identified genes consist of five exons spanning approximately 10 kilobases, with evidence of local rearrangements leading to gene variants.
    • Cross-hybridization revealed homologous EF-1 alpha genes in yeast (two types) and Drosophila (one or two types).
    • Sequence analysis identified transcript processing signals and precise exon locations, including an interruption corresponding to a splice junction in the homologous chloroplast EF-Tu gene.

    Conclusions:

    • The Artemia EF-1 alpha genes exhibit a conserved exon-intron structure, with a low copy number per genome.
    • Comparative analysis suggests evolutionary relationships between eukaryotic EF-1 alpha and prokaryotic/chloroplast elongation factors.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the molecular evolution and gene regulation of essential protein synthesis machinery in eukaryotes.