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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiac Disease of Raptors.

Seth C Oster1, Romain Pariaut2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA, ostersc@auburn.edu.

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
|February 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac disease is a common raptor health issue, with varying prevalence in captive versus wild birds. This review covers raptor cardiovascular diseases, diagnostics, and current treatment limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Avian Health
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiac disease is increasingly recognized as a significant health problem in birds of prey.
  • Prevalence may differ between captive and wild raptor populations due to lifestyle and diet variations.
  • Reported cardiovascular conditions include atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and endocarditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current information on cardiac diseases diagnosed in birds of prey.
  • To outline diagnostic methods for identifying cardiac abnormalities.
  • To discuss existing treatment options and highlight knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on raptor cardiac disease.
  • Compilation of data on diagnostic techniques such as radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and CT angiography.
  • Analysis of available information on therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Various cardiovascular diseases affect raptors, with prevalence influenced by environment.
  • Standard diagnostic tools are available for identifying cardiac issues.
  • Therapeutic treatment information for raptor cardiac disease is currently limited.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac disease is a notable concern in birds of prey.
  • Accurate diagnosis is achievable with current imaging and testing modalities.
  • Further research is critically needed to develop effective treatment strategies for raptor cardiovascular conditions.