Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2025
An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
Baseline HIV drug-resistance testing: 12 US jurisdictions, 2014-2019
Brandon Hugueley1,2, Robert P McClung1,3, Neeraja Saduvala4
1Division of HIV Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
Objective:
To understand recent patterns in reported baseline HIV drug-resistance testing over time in the United States.
Design:
Data from the National HIV Surveillance System for persons who were aged at least 13 years at the time of HIV diagnosis during 2014-2019 and resided in one of 12 US jurisdictions with high levels of reporting in 2014 and 2015.
Methods:
Among persons included in the analysis, we calculated the total proportion of HIV diagnoses occurring during 2014-2019 with a reported baseline sequence by year of diagnosis and sequence type. A baseline sequence was defined as any protease/ reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) or integrase sequence generated from a specimen collected 90 days or less after diagnosis.
Results:
During 2014-2019, reported levels of baseline PR/RT (with or without integrase) testing varied by year from 46.9% to 51.8% without any clear pattern over time. PR/RT with integrase testing increased (8.3-19.4%) and integrase-only testing remained low (1.9-1.3%).
Conclusion:
While reported levels of baseline PR/RT (with or without integrase) testing have remained sufficiently high for the purposes of molecular cluster detection, higher levels would strengthen jurisdictions' and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ability to monitor trends in HIV drug-resistance and detect and respond to HIV molecular clusters. Efforts to increase levels of reported baseline testing likely need to address both gaps in testing as well as reporting.
