Breastfeeding in a COVID-19 world

Area of Science:

• Perinatal health
• Infectious disease epidemiology
• Public health policy

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the birthing and postnatal experiences for women globally.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women face increased health risks from SARS-CoV-2 infection and are more susceptible to mental health challenges.
• Access to essential postnatal and lactation support services was often restricted during the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of policy changes on pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To examine the evidence supporting continued breastfeeding and the safety/efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in this population.
• To explore the pandemic's effects on maternal wellbeing and postulate future lactation support strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of policy changes, breastfeeding evidence, and vaccine data related to COVID-19.
• Analysis of pandemic-related consequences on maternal mental health and wellbeing.
• Synthesis of findings to propose future directions for perinatal and lactation support.

Main Results:

• Women experienced restricted postnatal care access, increasing vulnerability and mental health risks.
• Continued breastfeeding may provide passive immunity to infants against SARS-CoV-2.
• COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective for pregnant and lactating women.

Conclusions:

• Continued breastfeeding and maternal vaccination are vital for infant protection against SARS-CoV-2.
• Mothers should not face isolation during future pandemics; integrated perinatal and lactation care is essential.
• Adaptable, holistic support services, including digital and in-person options, are key for optimizing breastfeeding during health crises.