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Related Concept Videos

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure01:25

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

508
Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
508
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

271
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
271
Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

457
Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
457
Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

867
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
867
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

320
Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
320
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

284
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
284

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Facial Flap Necrosis From COVID-19 Face Mask Precautions.

Melinda Choi, Luccie Wo, Priyashma Joshi

    The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
    |February 10, 2022
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    Summary

    Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic caused skin complications, including pressure necrosis, in two patients undergoing facial reconstruction. Surgeons must consider these risks and educate patients on proper mask use post-surgery.

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    A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Plastic Surgery
    • Infectious Disease Control

    Background:

    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended face masks to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spread.
    • Face mask use alters skin microclimate, increasing friction and mask adjustments.
    • Previous research has not detailed complications in patients with facial reconstructions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report novel findings of skin cancer patients with facial reconstruction complications due to face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • To highlight the critical need for reconstructive surgeons to be aware of potential mask-related complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of two individuals with skin cancer undergoing facial reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • Observation of complications including facial flap pressure necrosis, auricular implant extrusion, and flap loss.
    • Treatment with local wound care and assessment of surgical outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Two patients experienced untoward sequelae of facial flap pressure necrosis attributed to face mask coverings.
    • One patient had auricular implant extrusion and flap loss.
    • Both patients were successfully treated with local wound care, though revision surgeries were considered.

    Conclusions:

    • Reconstructive surgeons must be aware of potential flap necrosis and other complications from face mask use in patients with facial reconstructions.
    • Patient education on proper face mask positioning based on reconstruction type is crucial.
    • Plastic surgeons may need to reconsider reconstructive strategies in the context of pandemic-related face mask mandates.