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Updated: Oct 4, 2025
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
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Deep eutectic solvents comprising creatine and citric acid and their hydrated mixtures
Matthew P Heaney1, Laxmi Adhikari2, Asher L Siegel2
1Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA. truncevski@smu.edu.
Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 10, 2022
Summary
This study details a stable eutectic mixture of creatine and citric acid, forming a deep eutectic solvent. Water can be added to tune the solvent properties, offering versatile applications.
Area of Science:
- Physical Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents.
- Understanding the phase behavior of DES components is crucial for their design and application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the phase diagram of the binary creatine-citric acid mixture.
- To characterize the properties of the resulting deep eutectic solvent and the effect of water addition.
Main Methods:
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal analysis.
- Phase diagram construction through systematic mixture preparation and analysis.
- Viscosity and polarity measurements.
Main Results:
- A stable and broad eutectic region was identified in the creatine-citric acid binary mixture.
- Deep eutectic solvents were formed with 10-60 mol% creatine, exhibiting a glass transition temperature at 270 K.
- Addition of up to 70 mol% water maintained the eutectic nature while allowing modulation of viscosity and polarity.
Conclusions:
- The creatine-citric acid system forms a robust deep eutectic solvent with tunable properties.
- The incorporation of water provides a facile method to adjust solvent characteristics for specific applications.
- This research contributes to the fundamental understanding and practical development of novel DES.
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