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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
48
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

98
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
98
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

572
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
572
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

366
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Neglected tropical rheumatic diseases.

Rasmi Ranjan Sahoo1, Anupam Wakhlu1, Vikas Agarwal2

  • 1Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Services, Apollomedics Super Specialty Hospitals, Lucknow, 226012, India.

Clinical Rheumatology
|February 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatic diseases in the tropics present diagnostic challenges due to limited resources and mimicry by infectious diseases. Awareness of these rheumatic manifestations of tropical diseases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
InfectionsMusculoskeletalNeglected diseasesRheumatic

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rheumatic diseases in tropical regions face complexities from inadequate healthcare infrastructure and diagnostic challenges.
  • Numerous tropical diseases exhibit musculoskeletal and rheumatic symptoms, often confusing rheumatologists.
  • Delayed or misdiagnosed conditions lead to adverse patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the rheumatic manifestations of various tropical diseases.
  • To increase awareness among healthcare providers regarding these presentations.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering infectious mimics in rheumatic disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on rheumatic manifestations of tropical diseases.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and mimicry by infectious agents.
  • Synthesis of information on specific endemic diseases and viral infections.

Main Results:

  • Tropical diseases like tuberculosis, leprosy, and HIV infection present with diverse rheumatic symptoms.
  • Viral infections, such as chikungunya, can trigger or perpetuate autoimmune responses mimicking classic rheumatic syndromes.
  • Presentations can resemble rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying infectious diseases with rheumatic manifestations in the tropics is critical.
  • Healthcare providers must differentiate tropical infections from primary rheumatic conditions.
  • Enhanced awareness can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management in tropical settings.