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Standards of Care II01:19

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness
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Consent for Intimate Exams on Unconscious Patients: Sharpening Legislative Efforts.

Phoebe Friesen, Robin Fretwell Wilson, Soyoon Kim

    The Hastings Center Report
    |February 10, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Medical students require explicit consent for intimate exams on unconscious patients. Recent legislation focuses on ethical guidelines for these educational procedures, emphasizing systemic regulation over individual accountability.

    Keywords:
    clinical ethicsdoctor-patient trusthealth lawinformed consentintimate examinationsmedical educationpelvic examinations

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Ethics
    • Legal Studies
    • Medical Education

    Background:

    • Nonconsensual intimate exams on unconscious patients by medical students are a growing concern.
    • Calls for explicit consent for educational intimate examinations are widespread among professionals and the public.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze enacted state bills concerning consent for educational intimate exams on unconscious patients.
    • To propose legislative recommendations for an appropriate ethical scope of consent laws.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and content analysis of state legislation enacted since January 2019.
    • Identification of five variable features across enacted bills.
    • Formulation of legislative recommendations based on these features.

    Main Results:

    • Thirteen states have enacted laws since January 2019, with six more passed prior.
    • Key legislative features include gender-neutral language, scope of exams, patient consciousness, educational context, and regulatory focus.

    Conclusions:

    • Legislation is evolving to address ethical concerns in medical training.
    • Recommendations focus on comprehensive, gender-neutral consent laws for educational intimate exams on unconscious patients, emphasizing systemic regulation.