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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

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β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this,...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

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β receptors are classified into three subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. β1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. When they get activated, they increase heart rate, contractility, and renin release. This process enhances blood pressure and aids in stress management. In contrast, β2 receptors are situated mainly in the lungs, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. Upon activation, they trigger smooth muscle relaxation, causing bronchodilation and...
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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
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[Bempedoïc acid, new cholesterol-lowering drug].

A J Scheen1, N Paquot1, C Wallemacq1

  • 1Service de Diabétologie, Nutrition et Maladies métaboliques , CHU Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|February 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bempedoic acid offers a new oral option to lower LDL cholesterol, especially for high-risk patients intolerant to statins. This ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor provides an effective alternative when statin therapy is insufficient or not tolerated.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular riskGuidelinesHypercholesterolaemiaStatinBempedoic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • High cardiovascular risk necessitates stringent LDL cholesterol reduction.
  • Statin monotherapy may be insufficient or poorly tolerated for achieving LDL goals.
  • Pharmacological combinations are often required for optimal lipid management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the novel cholesterol-lowering drug bempedoic acid.
  • To summarize its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety.
  • To outline its indications and reimbursement status.

Main Methods:

  • Review of bempedoic acid's pharmacological properties.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding efficacy and safety.
  • Examination of its role in combination therapy.

Main Results:

  • Bempedoic acid inhibits hepatic ATP-citrate lyase, reducing cholesterol synthesis.
  • It is a prodrug activated in the liver, minimizing muscle-related side effects.
  • Clinical data support its efficacy in lowering LDL cholesterol.

Conclusions:

  • Bempedoic acid is a valuable addition to the lipid-lowering armamentarium.
  • It is indicated for patients needing further LDL reduction or statin intolerance.
  • Combination therapy with statins and/or ezetimibe is a key application.