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Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Liz Simon1,2, Flavia M Souza-Smith2, Patricia E Molina1,2
1Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
Annual Review of Physiology
|February 10, 2022
Summary
Excessive alcohol use causes widespread organ damage through mechanisms like oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding these complex interactions is key to preventing alcohol-related diseases and injuries.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Pathophysiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- At-risk alcohol use contributes significantly to global health burdens, causing numerous preventable diseases.
- Excessive alcohol consumption is increasingly linked to tissue injury and adverse effects across multiple organ systems.
- Research has identified key mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced organ damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue injury.
- To elucidate the shared and distinct mechanisms contributing to multiorgan damage from alcohol.
- To highlight the complexity and interrelation of these mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of extensive research from animal and in vitro models.
- Analysis of established pathophysiological mechanisms of alcohol-induced injury.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on molecular and cellular responses to alcohol.
Main Results:
- Identified major alcohol- and alcohol metabolite-mediated mechanisms: oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, cell death, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenomic modifications.
- Highlighted that these mechanisms are often shared across organ systems.
- Emphasized the complex and interrelated nature of these pathophysiological processes.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol-induced tissue injury involves a complex network of interrelated molecular and cellular mechanisms.
- Understanding the interplay of these mechanisms is crucial for addressing alcohol-mediated multiorgan injury.
- Further research into these pathways can inform prevention and treatment strategies for alcohol-related diseases.
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