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Ocular biomechanics during improvised explosive device blast: A computational study using eye-specific models.

Alireza Karimi1, Reza Razaghi2, Christopher A Girkin1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.

Injury
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Improvised explosive device (IED) blasts cause extreme intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and significant ocular stress. Frontal blasts with heavier IEDs induce higher ocular tissue strain and deformation, increasing rupture risk.

Keywords:
Finite element methodGround reinforcementImprovised explosive devicesIntraocular Pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Ophthalmology
  • Trauma Research

Background:

  • Eye injuries are a significant consequence of improvised explosive device (IED) incidents.
  • IED blast waves generate forces causing acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate biomechanical stresses and strains in the eye from IED explosions.
  • To utilize eye-specific fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models for simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated IED blasts at varying distances (2-4m) and weights (1-2kg).
  • Incorporated deformable soil to mimic realistic explosion conditions.
  • Employed fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models for ocular biomechanics.

Main Results:

  • Observed extreme IOP elevations ranging from ~6,000-48,000 mmHg.
  • Highest IOP occurred with a 2kg IED at 2m distance (front blast).
  • Significant stresses and strains concentrated at rectus muscle insertions, the sclera's thinnest point.

Conclusions:

  • Frontal blasts result in higher ocular stresses and strains than side blasts.
  • Heavier IEDs and closer proximity increase ocular tissue deformation.
  • The sclera's thinness at muscle insertions makes it vulnerable to rupture.