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Integer topological defects organize stresses driving tissue morphogenesis.

Pau Guillamat1, Carles Blanch-Mercader1,2, Guillaume Pernollet1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular self-organization around topological defects drives tissue development. These defects create stress patterns that control cell differentiation and tissue shape, acting as mechanical organizing centers.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Tissue Engineering
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Tissues develop complex shapes and functions through cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
  • Coordinated cellular forces and shapes at the tissue level drive these processes.
  • General principles governing this interplay are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how self-organization of myoblasts around topological defects influences multicellular architecture.
  • To determine the role of mechanical stress patterns in localized cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis.
  • To identify potential mechanical organizing centers in tissue development.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of myoblast self-organization around integer topological defects (spirals and asters).
  • Analysis of cellular velocity and orientational fields using active gel theory.
  • Assessment of stress patterns via changes in nuclear volume and elastic pillar deformation.

Main Results:

  • Self-organization around integer topological defects establishes complex multicellular architectures.
  • These arrangements trigger localized cell differentiation or the growth of swirling protrusions when differentiation is inhibited.
  • Integer topological defects generate force gradients that concentrate compressive stresses, revealed by stress pattern analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Integer topological defects act as mechanical organizing centers.
  • These defects control both localized cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis.
  • Specific stress patterns generated by defects are crucial for these processes.