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Morphological volatility precedes ecological innovation in early echinoderms.

Philip M Novack-Gottshall1, Ali Sultan2,3, Nicholas S Smith4,5

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Morphological evolution in Cambrian echinoderms was rapid, but life-habit evolution drove long-term ecological diversification and expansion. Anatomical novelty preceded ecological success, yet ecological innovation faced constraints.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Paleontology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • The origin of major taxonomic groups involves rapid morphological and ecological changes, complicating the study of evolutionary diversification drivers.
  • Understanding the interplay between anatomical and life-habit evolution is crucial for deciphering evolutionary success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To phylogenetically compare the anatomy and life habits of Cambrian-Ordovician echinoderms.
  • To determine whether morphological or life-habit evolution better facilitates evolutionary success.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic comparative analysis of anatomical and life-habit data in early echinoderms.
  • Quantification of evolutionary rates, disparity, and convergence in morphology and life habits.

Main Results:

  • Morphological evolution exhibited faster rates and more volatile changes, leading to earlier and quicker accrual of morphological disparity during the Cambrian.
  • Life-habit evolution was persistent throughout the early Paleozoic, with iterative functional convergence within adaptive strategies.
  • These processes resulted in a significant expansion of ecospace and functional diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Anatomical novelty appears to precede ecological success in the diversification of early echinoderms.
  • Ecological innovation, despite anatomical novelty, was constrained even during the origin of this phylum.
  • The tempo and mode of morphological and life-habit evolution interact to shape evolutionary trajectories.