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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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DNA Epigenetics in Addiction Susceptibility.

Graham Kaplan1, Haiyang Xu1, Kristen Abreu1

  • 1Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics
|February 11, 2022
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Summary

Individual differences in addiction susceptibility may stem from DNA epigenetic changes in the brain. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms offers a potential pathway to developing effective addiction treatments.

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DNA methylationDNA modificationaddictionepigeneticssusceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Addiction is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with varying individual susceptibility.
  • The underlying mechanisms contributing to these differences are not fully understood.
  • Neural gene expression regulation, influenced by epigenetic mechanisms like DNA modifications, is implicated in addiction pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of DNA epigenetics in addiction susceptibility.
  • To explore how epigenetic signatures in brain reward regions may influence vulnerability.
  • To examine the contribution of DNA epigenetics to diverse factors affecting addiction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on DNA epigenetics and addiction.
  • Focus on major addiction susceptibility phenotypes.
  • Analysis of cell type-specific, time-dependent, and sex-biased effects of drug use.

Main Results:

  • Distinct DNA epigenetic signatures are found in brain reward regions associated with addiction susceptibility.
  • Factors influencing addiction susceptibility have a DNA epigenetic basis.
  • DNA epigenetics plays a role in cell-specific, temporal, and sex-biased drug effects.

Conclusions:

  • Addiction susceptibility likely has an underlying DNA epigenetic basis.
  • Elucidating DNA epigenetic mechanisms of vulnerability may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting epigenetic modifications could help reduce the burden of addiction.