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Inflammation and Its Determinants in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study From North Eastern Region of India

Anamika Das1, Bhupen Barman1, Prasanta Bhattacharya2

  • 1Internal Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND.

Cureus
|February 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients exhibit elevated inflammatory markers, indicating increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Endothelial dysfunction in CKD is not fully captured by traditional risk factors, necessitating careful CVD management.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, primarily due to endothelial dysfunction beyond traditional risk factors.
  • Understanding the determinants of endothelial dysfunction in CKD is crucial for managing CVD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.
  • To identify key determinants of endothelial dysfunction in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 60 CKD patients and 120 healthy controls (ages 18-50).
  • Collection of demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including markers of endothelial dysfunction.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess CKD's relationship with CVD risk.

Main Results:

  • CKD patients showed significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers: calcium phosphate product, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups (p < 0.05).
  • LDL and CIMT correlated positively with age in CKD patients.

Conclusions:

  • CKD is associated with elevated inflammatory markers, contributing to CVD risk.
  • Endothelial dysfunction in CKD may not be adequately assessed by traditional risk factors or standard markers like LDL and CIMT.
  • CKD patients require proactive CVD management strategies due to potential underestimation of risk by conventional methods.

Keywords:
c reactive proteinchronic kidney diseaseinflammationneutrophil: lymphocyte (n:l) rationorth eastern region

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