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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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(Im)maturity in Tumor Ecosystem.

Keywan Mortezaee1, Jamal Majidpoor2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

Frontiers in Oncology
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immature cells in tumors contribute to cancer growth. Understanding and targeting cellular immaturity, especially in immune cells, offers new therapeutic strategies to improve cancer treatment sensitivity.

Keywords:
dendritic cell (DC)immaturityimmune checkpointimmunitymyeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)natural killer (NK)programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)stemness

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tumors possess unique characteristics distinguishing them from normal tissues.
  • Immature cells within tumors play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
  • Cellular immaturity in tumors can lead to unique functionalities, similar to embryonic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of cellular immaturity within tumor ecosystems on cancer progression.
  • To focus on immaturity in the tumor's immune cell compartment and tumor cell stemness.
  • To explore how understanding these immaturity mechanisms can lead to novel cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing evidence on cellular immaturity in tumors.
  • It focuses on the immune cell compartment and tumor stemness.
  • Mechanisms underlying immaturity and their therapeutic implications are discussed.

Main Results:

  • Cellular immaturity is a key feature of the tumor microenvironment.
  • Immaturity in immune cells and tumor stemness significantly influences cancer progression.
  • Maturation of specific tumor cells can restore sensitivity to treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting cellular immaturity mechanisms presents a promising avenue for cancer therapy.
  • Restoring cellular maturity can enhance tumor sensitivity, potentially improving outcomes.
  • These strategies could complement existing treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.