Movement Disorders and Musculoskeletal System: A Reciprocal Relationship

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Rheumatology
• Orthopedics
• Movement Disorders
• Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

• The interplay between movement disorders (MDs) and musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders presents in two main ways.
• MDs patients frequently exhibit concurrent MSK issues, notably in parkinsonian syndromes, dystonia, Tourette syndrome, and genetic MDs.
• Conversely, certain MSK disorders can induce or mimic MDs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of disorders manifesting with combined MSK and MD symptoms.
• To discuss common MDs within these combined conditions.
• To outline clinical points, diagnostic approaches, and differential diagnoses for these complex cases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on the association between MDs and MSK disorders.
• Categorization of conditions based on whether MDs present with MSK issues or MSK disorders cause/mimic MDs.
• Discussion of specific examples within each category, including primary MSK disorders and peripherally induced MDs.

Main Results:

• Key MSK disorders causing MDs include joint hyperlaxity syndrome, craniovertebral junction anomalies, congenital muscular torticollis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Peripheral trauma can lead to peripherally induced MDs, often accompanied by sensory phenomena like complex regional pain syndrome.
• The pathogenesis of peripherally induced MDs remains unclear but is frequently associated with pain syndromes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the dual presentation of MDs and MSK disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
• This overview highlights the diverse range of conditions requiring integrated neurological and musculoskeletal assessment.
• Further research into the pathogenesis of peripherally induced MDs is warranted.