Gastrointestinal manifestations in American minority population with COVID-19
Aleksandr Kalabin1, Vishnu Raj Kumar Mani1,2, Sebastian Cristobal Valdivieso1
1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons at Harlem Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Background:
The spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) injuries by the SARS-CoV-2 remain largely unknown. Ethnicity data is missing or unspecified. We analyzed GI involvement in American minority patients with COVID-19 infection.
Methods:
Retrospective study of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in March-April 2020.
Results:
183 patients included: 114 (62.30%) African-Americans, 58 (31.69%) Hispanics and 11 (6.01%) Asians. 73 females, 110 males; mean age 64.77, mean BMI 29.03 (50.82%); GI manifestations upon presentation: anorexia (29.51%), diarrhea (22.40%), nausea/vomiting (18.03%), abdominal pain (9.84%). No difference observed between three ethnical groups for GI symptoms and liver function tests. C Reactive Protein (CPR) (P=0.008), Lactate (P=0.03) and Prothrombin Time (PT) (P=0.03) were significantly elevated in patients without GI symptoms. No difference was observed for other laboratory tests. Patients with severe disease course/intubated had higher levels of Aspartate Transaminase (AST) (109.17 vs 53.97, P=0.018), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) (79.53 vs 40.03, P=0.02) and total bilirubin (0.82 vs 0.60, P=0.03) vs non-intubated patents as well as body temperature (101.38 vs 100.70, p=0.0006), CRP (24.06 v 15.96, P=0.019) and lactate (3.28 vs 2.13, P=0.009). There was no correlation between severity of the disease and GI symptoms, PT, platelets and albumin. However, CRP and lactate were markedly elevated in deceased vs survived patients: (27.09 vs 16.39, P=0.008) and (3.33 vs 2.10 P=0.005) respectively.
Conclusions:
~ 50% of patients presented with GI symptoms and they had lower levels of inflammatory markers, better liver synthetic function, indicating less overall inflammatory response and direct viral damage. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 virus targets GI tract along with the lung tissue, and the degree of hepatocyte damage correlated well with more severe disease.
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