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Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: August 14, 2019
Prognosis and Diagnostic Biomarkers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Status and Future Prospects
Valeria Diaz-Pacheco1,2, Javier Vargas-Medrano1,2, Eric Tran3
1Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
Abstract:
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most prevalent type of TBI (80-90%). It is characterized by a loss consciousness for less than 30 minutes, post-traumatic amnesia for less than 24 hours, and Glasgow Coma Score of 13-15. Accurately diagnosing mTBIs can be a challenge because the majority of these injuries do not show noticeable or visible changes on neuroimaging studies. Appropriate determination of mTBI is tremendously important because it might lead in some cases to post-concussion syndrome, cognitive impairments including attention, memory, and speed of information processing problems. The scientists have studied different methods to improve mTBI diagnosis and enhanced approaches that would accurately determine the severity of the trauma. The present review focuses on discussing the role of biomarkers as potential key factors in diagnosing mTBI. The present review focuses on 1) protein based peripheral and CNS markers, 2) genetic biomarkers, 3) imaging biomarkers, 4) neurophysiological biomarkers, and 5) clinical trials in mTBI. Each section provides information and characteristics on different biomarkers for mTBI.
Insights
Diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is challenging due to subtle symptoms. This review explores various biomarkers, including protein, genetic, imaging, and neurophysiological markers, to improve mTBI detection and severity assessment.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common TBI, often lacking clear neuroimaging findings.
- Accurate mTBI diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term issues like post-concussion syndrome and cognitive deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss the role of various biomarkers in improving the diagnosis and severity assessment of mTBI.
- To provide an overview of current research on protein, genetic, imaging, and neurophysiological biomarkers for mTBI.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature focusing on diagnostic methods for mTBI.
- Categorization and discussion of different types of biomarkers: protein-based (peripheral and CNS), genetic, imaging, and neurophysiological.
- Examination of ongoing clinical trials related to mTBI biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Biomarkers show promise for enhancing mTBI diagnosis, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
- Different biomarker categories offer unique insights into mTBI pathology and severity.
- Clinical trials are actively investigating the efficacy of these biomarkers in real-world settings.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers are essential for accurate and timely mTBI diagnosis and management.
- Further research and validation of biomarkers are needed to refine diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.
- The integration of diverse biomarker types may lead to more comprehensive mTBI assessment.
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