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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
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Azo-Crosslinked Double-Network Hydrogels Enabling Highly Efficient Mechanoradical Generation.

Zhi Jian Wang1, Julong Jiang2, Qifeng Mu1

  • 1Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.

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|February 11, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced double-network hydrogels by incorporating azoalkane crosslinkers. This significantly boosted mechanoradical generation, enabling wider applications for force-responsive materials in areas like soft robots.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Mechanochemistry

Background:

  • Double-network (DN) hydrogels generate mechanoradicals via bond scission under force.
  • These mechanoradicals can trigger in-situ polymerization, improving material properties.
  • Increasing mechanoradical concentration in DN gels expands their potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance mechanoradical generation in DN hydrogels.
  • To investigate the effect of azoalkane crosslinkers on mechanoradical concentration and properties.
  • To explore new applications for force-responsive DN gels.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of azoalkane crosslinkers into the first network of DN hydrogels.
  • Mechanical testing to evaluate yield stress and force-induced radical generation.
  • Comparison with traditional N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) crosslinkers.

Main Results:

  • Azoalkane crosslinkers decreased yield stress but significantly increased mechanoradical concentration (up to 5x).
  • Maximum mechanoradical concentration reached approximately 220 μM.
  • DN gels with azoalkane crosslinkers exhibited higher energy efficiency for radical generation.
  • Mixed crosslinker systems also showed excellent radical generation.

Conclusions:

  • Azoalkane crosslinkers are effective in boosting mechanoradical generation in DN hydrogels.
  • Enhanced radical generation accelerates polymerization and broadens applications.
  • These improved force-responsive DN hydrogels show promise for biomedical devices and soft robots.