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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

26.5K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
26.5K
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

6.1K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
6.1K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.1K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.1K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

2.0K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
2.0K
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

18.7K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Chiral Phonon Diode Effect in Chiral Crystals.

Hao Chen1,2, Weikang Wu2,3, Jiaojiao Zhu3

  • 1NNU-SULI Thermal Energy Research Center and Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Nano Letters
|February 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a chiral phonon diode effect in chiral crystals, enabling one-way heat and vibration transport. This finding opens new avenues for designing advanced information devices by controlling phonon flow.

Keywords:
chiral crystalschiral phonon diode effectchirality filteringchirality-orbit couplingfirst-principles calculationspseudoangular momentum

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An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Phononics

Background:

  • The diode effect, allowing unidirectional carrier flow, is well-established for electrons, spins, and photons.
  • Realizing a chiral phonon diode, utilizing lattice vibration chirality, remains an open research question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of a chiral phonon diode effect.
  • To explore the intrinsic connection between crystal structure chirality and phonon excitations.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of chirality coupling between crystal structure and phonon modes.
  • Identification of suitable chiral materials for demonstrating the effect.

Main Results:

  • An intrinsic link between crystal chirality and phonon chirality was revealed.
  • The chiral phonon diode effect, where phonons propagate unidirectionally at specific frequencies, was predicted.
  • The effect was demonstrated in bulk Tellurium (Te) and alpha-quartz (SiO2).

Conclusions:

  • The study uncovers fundamental physics of chirality coupling across different system levels.
  • The predicted chiral phonon diode effect offers a novel method for controlling phonon transport.
  • This discovery paves the way for developing new phonon-based information devices.