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Imaging affective and non-affective touch processing in two-year-old children.

Ambika Maria1, Pauliina Hirvi2, Kalle Kotilahti3

  • 1University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland.

Neuroimage
|February 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that two-year-olds process affective and non-affective touch differently, similar to adults. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) successfully measured these brain responses in young children, paving the way for future developmental neuroscience research.

Keywords:
Affective touchChildDevelopmentDiffuse optical tomographyInsulaOptical properties

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Touch is crucial for early socio-emotional development.
  • Research on touch processing in toddlers (1-3 years) is limited.
  • Understanding early touch perception informs developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate affective and non-affective touch processing in two-year-olds using diffuse optical tomography (DOT).
  • To compare hemodynamic responses to slow (affective) versus fast (non-affective) touch in young children.
  • To validate DOT as a tool for studying neural development in toddlers.

Main Methods:

  • Frequency-domain diffuse optical tomography (DOT) was employed.
  • Affective touch: single soft brush stroke at 3 cm/s.
  • Non-affective touch: multiple brush strokes at 30 cm/s.
  • An age-appropriate atlas was used for accurate head modeling.
  • Advanced optical property estimation and a two-compartment cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) model were utilized.

Main Results:

  • The insula showed a significantly greater total hemoglobin (HbT) response to slow brushing (affective) than fast brushing (non-affective).
  • Regions including the postcentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum, and superior temporal gyrus showed greater response to fast brushing.
  • Findings indicate adult-like hemodynamic responses to different touch types in two-year-olds.

Conclusions:

  • DOT can reliably measure distinct brain responses to affective and non-affective touch in two-year-olds.
  • The study demonstrates the feasibility and tolerability of DOT for pediatric neuroimaging.
  • This technique offers potential for studying neural development and sensory processing in young children.