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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

407
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
407
Colloids03:22

Colloids

18.5K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
18.5K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

836
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
836
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

2.5K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
2.5K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

18.8K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
18.8K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

34.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
34.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules
06:00

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules

Published on: June 11, 2018

7.1K

Flocculation with heterogeneous composition in water environments: A review.

Que Nguyen Ho1, Michael Fettweis2, Kate L Spencer3

  • 1Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Korea.

Water Research
|February 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Flocculation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) is crucial for aquatic environments. Understanding the heterogeneous composition of flocs, including minerals, organic matter, and microplastics, is key to accurately predicting SPM dynamics and environmental impacts.

Keywords:
AB, Alcian BlueCBB, Coomassie Brilliant BlueCSPs, Coomassie stainable particlesDOM, Dissolved organic matterENPs, Engineered nanoparticlesEPS, Extracellular polymeric substancesFA, Fulvic acidsFlocculationHA, Humic acidsHS, Humic substancesHeterogeneous compositionHm, HuminLB-EPS, Loosely bound EPSMPs, MicroplasticsMicroplasticsOM, Organic matterOWFs, Offshore wind farmsOrganic matterPOM, Particulate organic matterSPM, Suspended particulate matterSuspended particle matterTB-EPS, Tightly bound EPSTEP, Transparent exopolymer particlesTOC, Total organic carbon

More Related Videos

Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts
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Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts

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Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions
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Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions

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Last Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules
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Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts
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Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions
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Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic science
  • Environmental science
  • Water science

Background:

  • Flocculation is a critical process governing the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in aquatic systems.
  • Research on SPM dynamics and environmental issues heavily relies on understanding flocculation.
  • The compositional and structural properties of flocs directly influence SPM sedimentation and transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of heterogeneous floc composition.
  • To elucidate the impact of floc composition on structure, fate, and transport.
  • To discuss the influence of human activities on floc composition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on flocculation and SPM.
  • Analysis of studies detailing floc composition (minerals, organic matter, metals, microplastics, engineered nanoparticles).
  • Examination of research on the effects of human activities on floc characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Flocs exhibit significant heterogeneity in composition, including minerals, organic matter, metals, microplastics, and engineered nanoparticles.
  • This heterogeneity impacts floc structure, influencing their behavior in aquatic environments.
  • Human activities, such as pollutant discharge and construction, alter floc composition.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of floc heterogeneity is essential to correct misconceptions about SPM dynamics.
  • Accurate assessment of SPM fate and transport requires considering the diverse components within flocs.
  • Further research is needed to fully grasp the implications of human impacts on floc composition and aquatic ecosystems.