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Micro-mechanical blood clot testing using smartphones.

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A novel smartphone system uses its camera and vibration motor to measure prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). This affordable technology offers accurate PT/INR testing, especially in low-resource settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Point-of-Care Testing

Background:

  • Lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin necessitates frequent prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) testing.
  • Current testing methods, relying on hospital labs or costly point-of-care devices, limit accessibility and affordability.
  • There is a critical need for accessible and cost-effective PT/INR monitoring solutions, particularly for global health applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a proof-of-concept smartphone-based system for PT/INR testing.
  • To assess the accuracy and reliability of the smartphone system compared to clinical-grade analyzers.
  • To explore the potential of this technology for affordable diagnostics in resource-limited environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized smartphone vibration motor and camera to track micro-mechanical movements of a copper particle.
  • Developed a system to compute PT/INR values from observed particle movements.
  • Validated the smartphone system against a clinical-grade coagulation analyzer using plasma and whole blood samples.

Main Results:

  • The smartphone system demonstrated high correlation with a clinical analyzer for PT/INR in plasma (ICC=0.963) and whole blood (ICC=0.966).
  • Similar high correlation (0.974) was observed for PT/INR in blood samples from patients with coagulopathic conditions.
  • The system successfully tested 140 plasma samples and 80 whole blood samples, requiring only a 10 μl drop of blood.

Conclusions:

  • The smartphone-based PT/INR testing system is a viable proof-of-concept technology.
  • This innovative approach offers a potentially affordable and effective alternative for PT/INR monitoring.
  • The ubiquity of smartphones makes this technology promising for improving healthcare access in low-resource settings.