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RXLR effector gene Avr3a from Phytophthora sojae is recognized by Rps8 in soybean.

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Researchers identified the Avr3a gene as the trigger for immunity mediated by the soybean resistance gene Rps8 in Phytophthora sojae. This finding clarifies soybean disease resistance mechanisms and pathogen evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Crop Science

Background:

  • Soybean (Glycine max) resistance genes (Rps) are crucial for managing Phytophthora sojae, a destructive pathogen.
  • Effector-triggered immunity involves plant Rps proteins recognizing pathogen avirulence (Avr) effectors.
  • Identifying Avr genes enhances the effectiveness of Rps-based resistance strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific avirulence gene (Avr) that triggers immunity conferred by the soybean resistance gene Rps8.
  • To elucidate the molecular interaction between Rps8 and its corresponding Avr gene.

Main Methods:

  • Segregating F2 progeny analysis and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to locate the Avr8 locus.
  • Whole-genome and long-read sequencing of Phytophthora sojae isolates.
  • Haplotype, transcriptional, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, and constitutive expression analyses.

Main Results:

  • The Avr3a gene was identified as the likely candidate for Avr8.
  • Phytophthora sojae isolates can possess up to five copies of the Avr3a gene.
  • Variations in Avr3a alleles and transcript levels correlated with altered virulence against Rps8.
  • Rps8 directly interacts with Avr3a.
  • A distinct Avr3a allele recognized by Rps3a but not Rps8 was identified, differentiating Rps3a and Rps8.

Conclusions:

  • Avr3a is the effector recognized by the soybean resistance gene Rps8.
  • The study reveals complexity in Avr3a gene copy number and allelic variation in P. sojae.
  • This research provides a molecular basis for understanding Rps8-mediated resistance and differentiates it from the closely linked Rps3a.