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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

5.8K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Testing a Claim about Population Proportion01:24

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A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
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Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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A novel computer task to assess outcome probability bias.

Amanda A Draheim1, Page L Anderson2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, USA.

Journal of Anxiety Disorders
|February 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new computer task to measure outcome probability bias in social anxiety. The task shows good reliability and validity, potentially improving social anxiety research.

Keywords:
Computer taskOutcome probability biasReliabilitySocial anxietyValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Social anxiety involves an overestimation of negative outcomes in social situations.
  • Existing measures of outcome probability bias have limitations.
  • Assessing bias at automatic and controlled processing levels is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel computer task assessing outcome probability bias for social anxiety.
  • To evaluate the task's reliability and validity using various measures.
  • To improve upon existing methods by incorporating images and dual-level processing assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a computer task using images to assess outcome probability bias.
  • Recruited 203 college students for two studies.
  • Administered the computer task, self-report questionnaires (outcome probability bias, outcome cost bias, depression, stress, safety behaviors), and a behavioral avoidance task.

Main Results:

  • The computer task demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency (α = 0.82 - 0.96).
  • The task showed significant positive correlations with a standardized measure of outcome probability bias (r = 0.33 - 0.48).
  • Most hypotheses regarding the task's convergent, discriminant, construct, and criterion validity were supported.

Conclusions:

  • The novel computer task is a reliable and valid measure of outcome probability bias in social anxiety.
  • This task may enhance research on social anxiety disorder.
  • The task has potential for adaptation to other related psychological disorders.