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Regression Toward the Mean

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...

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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles

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Substantial decrease in preeclampsia prevalence and risk over two decades: A population-based study of 1,153,227

Kristina B Sole¹, Anne Cathrine Staff², Sari Räisänen³

¹Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.

Pregnancy Hypertension

|February 12, 2022

Summary

Preeclampsia (pregnancy complication) prevalence decreased significantly in Norway from 1999-2018. This reduction occurred across all risk groups, possibly due to increased aspirin use and labor induction interventions.

Keywords:

Aspirin Hypertension Labor induction Preeclampsia Pregnancy Secular trends

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Preeclampsia poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health.
Understanding trends in preeclampsia prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for public health initiatives.
Norway provides a unique setting to study secular trends due to its robust healthcare data.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze secular trends in preeclampsia prevalence in Norway between 1999 and 2018.
To investigate the association between preeclampsia trends and changes in risk factors and clinical interventions.
To assess the impact of interventions like labor induction and aspirin use on preeclampsia rates.

Main Methods:

A population-based cohort study involving over 1.15 million women was conducted using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (1999-2018).
Data on prescription drug use (aspirin) from the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2018) were integrated.
Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the adjusted risk of preeclampsia over different time periods.

Main Results:

Overall preeclampsia prevalence declined from 4.3% (1999-2002) to 2.7% (2015-2018).
This reduction was consistent across subgroups with known risk factors, including advanced maternal age, nulliparity, diabetes, chronic hypertension, assisted reproduction, and twin pregnancies.
Adjusted risk of preeclampsia decreased by 44% over the study period, while labor induction rates increased by 104% and aspirin prescriptions rose among fertile women.

Conclusions:

Preeclampsia prevalence and risk have significantly decreased in Norway, irrespective of individual risk factors.
Increased use of clinical interventions, such as labor induction and aspirin prescriptions, may contribute to the observed decline in preeclampsia.
Improvements in general population health and potentially lower average blood pressure may also play a role in the reduced preeclampsia rates.