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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

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Reciprocal associations between implicit attitudes and drinking in emerging adulthood.

Katie J Paige¹, Alexander Weigard², Craig R Colder¹

¹University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research

|February 13, 2022

Summary

Positive implicit alcohol attitudes and heavy drinking reinforce each other within individuals. This study highlights the importance of examining within-person effects for understanding dual process models of drinking behavior.

Keywords:

dual process theory emerging adulthood heavy drinking implicit attitudes response time measures

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Addiction Science
Cognitive Science

Background:

Implicit alcohol attitudes are theorized to influence drinking behavior.
Previous research has not fully accounted for factors affecting implicit association task (IAT) performance or distinguished between within- and between-person effects.
This study addresses these limitations by employing advanced statistical modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the reciprocal associations between implicit alcohol attitudes and drinking behavior.
To differentiate within-person and between-person effects in this relationship.
To utilize a diffusion model for a more robust assessment of implicit attitudes.

Main Methods:

A longitudinal study of 314 emerging adults assessed annually for three years.
Utilized a diffusion model to analyze Implicit Association Task (IAT) data, focusing on the drift rate parameter (vΔ) as a measure of implicit attitudes.
Employed Latent Curve Models with Structured Residuals to test reciprocal associations.

Main Results:

Within-person reciprocal associations between implicit alcohol attitudes and heavy drinking were confirmed.
Positive implicit alcohol attitudes prospectively predicted heavy drinking.
Heavy drinking prospectively predicted subsequent positive implicit alcohol attitudes.
No significant between-person associations were found.

Conclusions:

Positive implicit alcohol attitudes and heavy drinking form a reinforcing negative cycle within individuals.
Disaggregating within- and between-person effects is crucial for accurately testing dual process models.
The diffusion model offers a promising method for improving the construct validity of IAT-assessed implicit attitudes.