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IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA Correlate with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score in Patients with Acute
Marcus Vinícius de Paula da Silva1, Pedro Henrique Villar-Delfino1, José Augusto Nogueira-Machado1
1Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina-Biomedicina, Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Insights
Inflammatory biomarkers like IL-6 and IL-1β are elevated in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). These markers correlate with the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score, suggesting improved prognostic value when combined.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
Background:
- Inflammation is a key factor in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) pathophysiology.
- Current risk stratification for ACS does not incorporate inflammatory markers.
- Understanding inflammation's role can improve patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score and inflammatory biomarkers in ACS subtypes.
- To determine if inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-1β, MDA) add prognostic value to the TIMI score.
- To explore correlations between TIMI scores and specific inflammatory markers across ACS patient groups.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study design involving 48 ACS patients and 43 healthy controls.
- Quantification of serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
- Assessment of TIMI risk scores within 24 hours of symptom onset.
Main Results:
- ACS patients exhibited significantly higher IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA levels compared to controls (p<0.05).
- No significant differences in biomarker levels were found among unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI subgroups.
- Positive correlations were observed between TIMI scores and IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA in unstable angina, and with IL-1β in STEMI.
Conclusions:
- Patients with ACS demonstrate a pro-inflammatory profile.
- TIMI scores correlate positively with specific inflammatory biomarkers in certain ACS types.
- Integrating inflammatory biomarkers with the TIMI score may enhance prognostic assessment in ACS.
Background:
Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) but is not included in current risk stratification.
Objective:
This study aimed at determining the association between Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score and inflammatory biomarkers in the ACS, including unstable angina (UA), Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarkers could add prognostic value to the TIMI risk score.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, serum levels of interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-1β and MDA (malondialdehyde) were quantified by ELISA and colorimetry, respectively, of patients with ACS (n = 48; 31.3 % with UA, 33.3 % with NSTEMI, and 35.4 % with STEMI) and healthy controls (n = 43). We assessed the TIMI scores in the first 24 h after symptom onset.
Results:
The results showed that patients with ACS had significantly higher levels (p<0.05) of the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA than the control group. However, we found no significant differences in IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA levels among the patients with ACS according to their classification as UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI. Positive correlations were observed between TIMI and IL-6 (r=0.68), IL-1β (r= 0.53), and MDA (r=0.58) in patients with UA and between TIMI and IL-1β (r= 0.62) in STEMI patients.
Conclusion:
These data suggested the presence of a pro-inflammatory profile in patients with ACS as well as positive correlations between TIMI scores and the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA in patients with UA and between TIMI scores and IL-1β in patients with STEMI. Combining inflammatory biomarkers with the TIMI risk score could provide better insight into the processes involved in ACS.
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