Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

244
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
244
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

330
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
330
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

98
Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
98
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

561
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
561
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

497
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
497
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

759
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
759

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IL1β/IL1R1/IRAK4 Drives Inflammatory Ovarian Cancer Seeding at the inflamed sites and Is Reversed by an IRAK4 inhibitor UR241-2.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Deciphering a pathogen's evolution: a two-decade longitudinal study reveals virulence shifts and identifies durable Pm genes against Himalayan Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici populations.

Stress biology·2026
Same author

Lipoprotein(a) Augments Coronary Risk Estimation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India·2026
Same author

Repression of miR-29 via MYC leads to increased CD40 signaling in transformed follicular lymphoma.

Leukemia·2026
Same author

Impact of Brisk Walking Alone Versus Combined with Yoga on Cardiovascular Risk Indices in Postmenopausal Women: Quasirandomized Controlled Trial.

International journal of yoga therapy·2026
Same author

Trends in the psychedelic renaissance: applying artificial intelligence to measure media portrayal of psychedelic drugs in the 21st century.

BJPsych open·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.2K

Rescue therapies in epilepsy.

Sonali Sharma1, Kamil Detyniecki

  • 1University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|February 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Rescue medications and seizure action plans are underused. Intranasal midazolam and diazepam offer safe and effective alternatives to rectal diazepam for managing seizure clusters.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Seizure clusters require prompt treatment with rescue medications.
  • Seizure action plans (SAPs) are crucial for managing these events in the outpatient setting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate current rescue medications and action plans for outpatient seizure clusters.
  • To highlight underutilized resources and emerging treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on rescue medications for seizure clusters.
  • Comparative analysis of safety and efficacy of different administration routes.

Main Results:

  • Rescue medications and SAPs are underutilized, especially in adults.
  • Intranasal midazolam and diazepam demonstrate safety and efficacy comparable to rectal diazepam.

More Related Videos

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

12.2K
Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.2K
Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

12.2K
Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

11.6K
  • Intranasal formulations offer improved ease of use and social acceptability.

    • Conclusions:

    • Increased awareness and availability of diverse rescue medications are needed.
    • Intranasal benzodiazepines represent a valuable, accessible option for seizure cluster management.
    • Optimizing the use of rescue medications and SAPs can improve patient outcomes.