Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

232
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
232
Obesity01:24

Obesity

669
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
669
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

5
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
5
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

5
Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
5
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

253
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
253
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.8K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rhythm contour drives musical memory.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2023
Same author

Persistent cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> increase induced by angiotensin II at nanomolar concentrations in acutely dissociated subfornical organ (SFO) neurons of rats.

Brain research·2019
Same author

The cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration in acutely dissociated subfornical organ (SFO) neurons of rats: Spontaneous Ca<sup>2+</sup> oscillations and Ca<sup>2+</sup> oscillations induced by picomolar concentrations of angiotensin II.

Brain research·2018
Same author

Atrial arrhythmias and autonomic dysfunction in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2018
Same author

Medical cannabis - the Canadian perspective.

Journal of pain research·2016
Same author

Effect of intermittent hypoxia on arcuate nucleus in the leptin-deficient rat.

Neuroscience letters·2016
Same journal

Physiological load and breath-holding in artistic swimming: a scoping review establishing historical baselines and evidence gaps in the context of the 2022-2025 rule changes.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of blood flow restriction exercise interventions on patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body strength, and anaerobic fitness.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Model-based estimates of sex differences in peak power and fatigue index in track cyclists using directed acyclic graphs, inverse probability of treatment weighting, and Bayesian modeling.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Fine-tuning striated muscle performance: conserved sarcomere-level mechanisms across insect and vertebrate systems.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of different dual-task trainings on gait and cortical activation during obstacle crossing in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
05:45

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Published on: October 25, 2019

6.1K

Leptin: A Potential Link Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity.

John Ciriello1, Jason M Moreau1, Monica M Caverson1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Physiology
|February 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), linked to sleep apnea, may cause leptin resistance and weight gain. This study in rats shows CIH impairs leptin signaling, leading to increased body weight and reduced activity.

Keywords:
OBRbPOMCSTAT3arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamusfood intakeintermittent hypoxialeptinobesity

More Related Videos

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

426
Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
05:45

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Published on: October 25, 2019

6.1K
Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

426
Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity and elevated leptin levels.
  • Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key feature of OSA.
  • Leptin resistance is implicated in obesity, but its link to CIH is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between CIH and obesity.
  • To determine the effects of CIH on body energy balance.
  • To examine the impact of CIH on leptin signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were exposed to 96 days of CIH or normoxia.
  • Assessed body weight, food/water intake, and food conversion efficiency.
  • Measured leptin sensitivity, locomotor activity, fat pad mass, plasma leptin, and hypothalamic protein expression.

Main Results:

  • CIH rats exhibited increased body weight, food/water intake, and elevated plasma leptin.
  • CIH rats showed reduced locomotor activity and food conversion efficiency.
  • CIH induced leptin resistance, with altered expression of leptin receptor isoforms and signaling proteins (e.g., reduced POMC, increased pERK1/2, SOCS3).

Conclusions:

  • Long-term CIH exposure, characteristic of OSA, contributes to obesity.
  • CIH promotes a state of leptin resistance.
  • This leptin resistance, driven by altered hypothalamic signaling, likely promotes weight gain in CIH conditions.