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The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

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Thinking Outside the Box.

Sara Trevas¹, Renato Guerreiro¹, Catarina Faria¹

¹Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, PRT.

|February 14, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights diagnostic errors in complex clinical decision-making, emphasizing how cognitive biases can impede accurate patient assessment. Awareness of these biases is crucial for avoiding diagnostic pitfalls and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:

bias clinical decision making diagnostic errors fever hypertension seizures

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Area of Science:

Medical Diagnostics
Clinical Decision-Making
Cognitive Biases in Medicine

Background:

Clinical decision-making is complex, often relying on intuition, which can lead to diagnostic errors.
Accurate diagnosis is critical, especially in emergency settings with patients presenting with multiple comorbidities.

Observation:

A 27-year-old obese woman with a history of oncologic disease presented with seizures, fever, and hypertension.
The diagnostic process was complicated by conflicting patient history, data misinterpretation, and physician biases.

Findings:

The case illustrates how cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias and availability heuristic, can significantly hinder accurate diagnosis.
Despite initial challenges, a thorough re-evaluation and "thinking outside the box" were essential to correct the diagnostic trajectory.

Implications:

Physicians must be aware of their cognitive limitations and common biases to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Implementing structured diagnostic protocols and fostering critical self-reflection can mitigate errors in complex cases.
This case underscores the importance of challenging initial assumptions in medical diagnosis.