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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions
Published on: October 2, 2018
Caffeine Intoxication: Unregulated, Over-the-Counter Sale of Potentially Deadly Supplements
João Pina Cabral1, David L Sousa1, Catarina Carvalho2
1Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT.
Abstract:
Caffeine is an integral part of beverages, food, and medications. Severe intoxication of caffeine is rare, and reports are even scarcer. However, over-the-counter, unregulated sale of performance-enhancing compounds, such as caffeine, turns high-dose consumption into a real concern. Severe intoxication may be fatal, usually by malignant cardiac arrhythmia. We report a case of a 23-year-old university student who accidentally consumed about 100 times the amount present in an expresso of anhydrous caffeine.
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