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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries
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High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries

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High-scale random access on DNA storage systems.

Alex El-Shaikh1, Marius Welzel1, Dominik Heider1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany.

NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics
|February 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed a new DNA data storage method using fountain codes and sophisticated probes to access millions of data objects, overcoming the limited primer issue in current systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Data Storage

Background:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is increasingly explored for data storage due to its high density, durability, and declining synthesis costs.
  • Current DNA data storage methods use primers for data access, but the number of primers per library is limited (around 10).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for addressing and accessing thousands to millions of data objects within a single DNA pool.
  • To overcome the limitation of a small number of primers in existing DNA data storage systems.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilizes fountain codes for efficient data encoding.
  • Sophisticated probe design and microarray technologies are employed for data targeting.
  • Locality-sensitive hashing is implemented for efficient comparison of numerous probes and data objects.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method enables direct access to a significantly larger number of data objects compared to existing systems.
  • The technique allows for addressing and retrieving data from thousands to potentially millions of distinct objects in a DNA pool.

Conclusions:

  • This novel approach expands the scalability of DNA data storage systems.
  • The method offers a general-purpose solution for high-capacity, random-access DNA data storage.