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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

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Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Congruity: A Biomechanical Study.

Kenneth H Levy1, Joey S Kurtzman1, Evan H Horowitz1

  • 1SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|February 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Repairing soft tissue stabilizers after proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint surgery may not be necessary. Even after ligament disruption, the bone structure of the phalanges provides significant joint stability.

Keywords:
collateral ligamentjoint congruityproximal interphalangeal jointvolar plate

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Surgical procedures on the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint often necessitate soft tissue disruption.
  • PIP joint injuries commonly involve damage to these soft tissues.
  • The necessity of repairing these stabilizers is questioned.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of soft tissue stabilizers in maintaining PIP joint congruity.
  • To determine if repair is essential after surgical disruption or injury.

Main Methods:

  • Eight cadaveric specimens were analyzed.
  • Joint congruity was assessed at 0° and 30° flexion under valgus stress.
  • Ligaments (volar plate, radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament) were sequentially sectioned, and joint line convergence angle (JLCA) was measured via radiographs.

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in JLCA were observed only after disruption of the volar plate and one collateral ligament.
  • These changes, however, were of minor clinical significance.
  • Skin flap repair improved congruity, but not significantly.

Conclusions:

  • Disruption of the volar plate alone does not significantly affect PIP joint congruity.
  • While combined ligament disruption alters congruity, the clinical significance is minimal.
  • The inherent stability provided by phalangeal anatomy maintains joint congruity even without soft tissue stabilizers.