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A review on corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current progress, clinical features and bioanalytical diagnostic

Fariba Mollarasouli1, Nader Zare-Shehneh2, Mehrorang Ghaedi3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, Iran. f.mollarasouli@gmail.com.

Mikrochimica Acta
|February 14, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This review summarizes the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical features, and pathogenesis. It highlights recent advances in bioanalytical diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection, including various biosensors.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Epidemiology
  • Bioanalytical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presented a global health crisis.
  • Current diagnostic strategies for SARS-CoV-2 primarily involve antibody detection, antigen detection, and viral gene detection, with RT-PCR being the most accurate.
  • Understanding the clinical features, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of COVID-19 is crucial for effective management and control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its clinical manifestations, epidemiological trends, and underlying pathogenesis.
  • To review and analyze recent advancements (2020-2021) in bioanalytical diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 sensing.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of various biosensors employed for COVID-19 detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2021 concerning COVID-19 diagnostics and SARS-CoV-2 sensing technologies.
  • Analysis of clinical features, epidemiology, and pathogenesis data related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Categorization and comparison of different biosensor types, including optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, wearable, nanobiosensors, immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors.

Main Results:

  • The paper synthesizes information on the clinical spectrum and epidemiological spread of COVID-19.
  • It details various bioanalytical techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection, emphasizing the performance of different biosensor platforms.
  • Key biosensor technologies such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric sensors, alongside advanced nanobiosensors and specific sensor types (immunosensors, aptasensors, genosensors), are evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances in bioanalytical methods offer promising alternatives and complements to traditional diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
  • Biosensors, particularly wearable and smart nanobiosensors, demonstrate significant potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific COVID-19 diagnosis.
  • Continued research and development in biosensor technology are vital for improving pandemic preparedness and response capabilities.

Keywords:
Bioanalytical methodsBiosensorsCOVID-19 pandemicCoronavirusesDiagnosisSARS-CoV-2

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