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Studying biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in experimental microcosms among islands.

Anette Teittinen1, Janne Soininen1, Leena Virta1,2

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Island microbial communities are shaped by salinity and wind. Higher mean body size of diatoms, not species richness, boosted productivity, even in species-poor, high-salinity environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Island Biogeography

Background:

  • Island ecosystems offer unique insights into biodiversity.
  • Factors influencing microbial biodiversity and ecosystem function on islands remain underexplored.
  • Diatoms are key primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental stress (salinity) and dispersal on diatom biodiversity and ecosystem productivity on Baltic Sea islands.
  • To examine the relationship between diatom community structure (biodiversity, mean body size) and ecosystem productivity.
  • To understand how environmental factors mediate biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment using aquatic microcosms on five Baltic Sea islands.
  • Manipulation of salinity levels to simulate environmental stress.
  • Colonization of diatoms from the air.
  • Structural Equation Models (SEM) to analyze interconnections between factors, biodiversity, and productivity (chlorophyll a).

Main Results:

  • No direct relationship found between species richness/evenness and productivity.
  • Ecosystem productivity increased with increasing mean body size of diatom species.
  • Environmental stress (salinity) and wind exposure negatively impacted biodiversity metrics (richness, evenness).
  • Productivity increased at higher salinity levels, despite reduced species richness.

Conclusions:

  • Salinity acts as a strong abiotic filter, creating species-poor but productive communities at high levels.
  • Mean community body size is a crucial trait mediating environmental effects on ecosystem productivity.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering community-level traits beyond species richness in biodiversity-ecosystem function studies.