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Selection and Drift: A Comparison between Historic and Recent Dutch Friesian Cattle and Recent Holstein Friesian
Ina Hulsegge1,2, Kor Oldenbroek1,2, Aniek Bouwman1
1Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|February 15, 2022
Summary
Genetic diversity in Dutch cattle breeds shows shared ancestry but unique identities. While Dutch Friesian (DF) diversity decreased, inbreeding levels did not significantly increase, indicating breed resilience.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Dairy Cattle Breeding
- Population Genomics
Background:
- Intensified cattle farming has led to reduced genetic diversity globally.
- Local breeds like the Dutch Friesian (DF) are often replaced by high-production breeds such as the Holstein Friesian (HF).
- Understanding genetic diversity is crucial for breed conservation and sustainable agriculture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare genomewide genetic diversity between historic and recent Dutch Friesian (DF) bulls and recent Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls.
- To identify unique genetic markers and assess inbreeding levels across these cattle groups.
- To evaluate the impact of breed replacement on the genetic landscape of Dutch cattle.
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome sequencing of 12 historic DF, 12 recent DF, and 12 recent HF bulls.
- Calculation of genetic diversity parameters: allele frequencies, inbreeding coefficient (Froh), and runs of homozygosity (ROH).
- Identification of group-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ROH islands.
Main Results:
- Significant shared genetic diversity exists among the groups, with 12% of SNPs being group-specific.
- Recent DF bulls (rDF) showed higher inbreeding (Froh=0.24) than historic DF (hDF, Froh=0.17) and recent HF (rHF, Froh=0.13).
- DF breed diversity has reduced over time, but this did not correlate with increased recent inbreeding.
Conclusions:
- Despite a decline in genetic diversity, the Dutch Friesian breed retains a unique genetic identity.
- Genomic analysis reveals distinct genetic profiles and varying inbreeding levels among historic and recent DF and HF populations.
- Conservation strategies may be needed to preserve unique genetic variations within local cattle breeds facing replacement.
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