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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Primary Effusion Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Perspective.

Diamone A Gathers1, Emily Galloway2, Katalin Kelemen3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

Cancers
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, aggressive cancer linked to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). Treatment is challenging, with research focusing on personalized therapies for this difficult-to-treat B-cell lymphoma.

Keywords:
CAR-T therapyHIV positiveprimary effusion lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy typically affecting body cavities.
  • PEL is strongly associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8/KSHV) and often co-occurs with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
  • Patients are frequently immunocompromised (e.g., HIV-positive or transplant recipients), contributing to a poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics, oncogenesis, and current therapeutic landscape of primary effusion lymphoma.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating this rare hematologic malignancy.
  • To discuss emerging personalized and targeted treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on primary effusion lymphoma.
  • Analysis of the role of HHV8 and EBV in PEL pathogenesis.
  • Examination of current and experimental treatment regimens.

Main Results:

  • PEL is characterized by serous effusions, absence of a discrete mass, and association with HHV8.
  • Coinfection with EBV is common (~80%), but the oncogenic mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Standard treatments like CHOP-like regimens have limited efficacy, and prognosis is generally poor.

Conclusions:

  • Primary effusion lymphoma presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and association with viral coinfections.
  • Personalized and targeted therapies, including clinical trials combining agents like lenalidomide, rituximab, and tabelecleucel, represent the future direction for PEL treatment.
  • Further research into the oncogenesis of PEL is crucial for developing more effective interventions.