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The Microbiota-Gut Axis in Premature Infants: Physio-Pathological Implications

Ilia Bresesti1, Silvia Salvatore1, Giorgia Valetti2

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, "F. Del Ponte" Hospital, ASST-Settelaghi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.

Cells
|February 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The gut microbiota influences infant health, especially in premature babies who face unique challenges. Understanding the microbiota-gut-brain axis is key to improving clinical outcomes and developing new therapies for preterm infants.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neonatology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Infant gut microbiota development is influenced by various factors, with unique patterns observed in premature infants.
  • Premature infants are susceptible to infections, antibiotic use, feeding issues, and neurodevelopmental problems.
  • The microbiota-gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway, is increasingly recognized for its role in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on gut microbiota development in premature infants.
  • To explore the impact of the microbiota-gut-brain axis on preterm infant clinical outcomes.
  • To identify potential preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies related to gut microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on infant gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of factors affecting microbiota composition in premature infants.
  • Examination of the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in preterm neurodevelopment and health.

Main Results:

  • Delivery mode, feeding type, and environmental factors significantly shape the gut microbiota in preterm infants.
  • Dysbiosis in preterm infants is linked to increased risks of infection and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Limited data exist on the direct correlation between microbiota dysbiosis and neurodevelopmental disorders in this population.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the health of premature infants.
  • Further research into the microbiota-gut-brain axis is crucial for understanding and managing preterm infant complications.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota may offer novel therapeutic avenues for improving long-term health outcomes in preterm infants.

Keywords:
gut-brain axismicrobiotapreterm infants

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