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Minimal Change Disease Is Associated with Mitochondrial Injury and STING Pathway Activation

Byung Chul Yu1, Ahrim Moon2, Kyung Ho Lee1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon 14584, Korea.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mitochondrial injury is linked to minimal change disease (MCD) pathogenesis. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) staining intensity in kidney tissue may predict MCD prognosis, indicating disease severity.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults.
  • The underlying pathogenesis of MCD remains incompletely understood.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in various kidney diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between mitochondrial injury and MCD pathogenesis.
  • To evaluate urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in MCD patients.
  • To assess the prognostic value of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immunohistochemical staining in MCD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared urinary mtDNA levels in MCD patients and age/sex-matched healthy controls (MHC).
  • Analyzed STING immunohistochemical staining site and signal intensity in kidney biopsies from MCD patients at diagnosis.
  • Subdivided MCD patients into high- and low-intensity STING staining groups.

Main Results:

  • Urinary mtDNA levels were significantly elevated in MCD patients compared to MHC (p < 0.001).
  • Patients with high STING staining intensity exhibited higher time-averaged proteinuria (p = 0.022) and relapse frequency (p = 0.022) than the low-intensity group.
  • Elevated STING signal intensity correlated with more severe clinical manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial injury appears to be associated with the pathogenesis of MCD.
  • STING immunohistochemical staining intensity at diagnosis may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for MCD.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of mitochondrial dysfunction in MCD.
Keywords:
minimal change diseasemitochondrial injuryprognostic markerstimulator of interferon genes pathwayurinary mitochondrial DNA

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