Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Ammonia Fiber Expansion AFEX Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Published on: April 18, 2020
Ammonia and the Muscle: An Emerging Point of View on Hepatic Encephalopathy
Simone Di Cola1, Silvia Nardelli1, Lorenzo Ridola1
1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Portal Hypertension, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
In the last years the link between the presence of muscular alterations and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), both minimal and overt, has been deeply studied. The pathophysiological background supporting the relationship between muscle depletion, and HE is characterized by an imbalance between the capacity of muscle in ammonia metabolism and trafficking and the inability of the liver in removing ammonia through urea synthesis due to liver failure and/or the presence of porto-systemic shunts. This review will focus on the clinical burden, the physio pathological mechanisms understanding the liver muscle axis and principles of management of muscular alterations in cirrhosis.
Related Concept Videos
Urea Cycle
Amines: Introduction
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation
Physical Properties of Amines
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Enamine Formation Mechanism
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...

